象征是大他者(the big Other)、象征秩序,我们做什么都是例行公事地表面演戏应付它的。

莱维-斯特劳斯《亲属制度》

象征界:非自然结构的、人为的、约定俗成的像语言、尤其像音位分布的结构,是人类通过语言、外婚制和货品交换而形成那些无形制度式的交往结构。

人类社会源于象征界,它像语法一样规定原始部落的表面语用、深层结构。

(拉康的概念是从这里借的。)

The social world of linguistic communication, intersubjective relations, knowledge of ideological conventions, and the acceptance of the law (also called the "big Other"). Once a child enters into language and accepts the rules and dictates of society, it is able to deal with others. The acceptance of language's rules is aligned with the Oedipus complex, according to Lacan. The symbolic is made possible because of your acceptance of the Name-of-the-Father, those laws and restrictions that control both your desire and the rules of communication. Through recognition of the Name-of-the-Father, you are able to enter into a community of others. The symbolic, through language, is "the pact which links... subjects together in one action. The human action par excellence is originally founded on the existence of the world of the symbol, namely on laws and contracts" (Freud's Papers 230). The symbolic order works in tension with the imaginary order and the Real. It is closely bound up with the superego and the phallus. See the Lacan module on the structure of the psyche.

被象征的身体是我们自以为应有的身体,是自然身体之内另建的身体,用绘画等办法使之浮现。

在绘画及其展览中,自然身体被献祭来生产被象征的身体,即多于、高于原来身体的那个身体。虚荣的人为象征的身体而活,把身体先给被象征的身体。

消费社会里,象征界、实在界之间越来越乱、越来越混淆。商品像象征物,象征物也像商品,象征秩序难以建立。